Solar heating and cooling of the atmosphere continually create regions of higher or lower than normal air pressure. Air pressure at innumerable locations (weather stations) is constantly measured with instruments called barometeres. The following video gives an overview of history of the discovery/development of the barometer and how it works.
In turn, winds and other weather conditions result from these pressure differences. Weather maps are a pictorial description of these differences, which are constantly changing. The following site shows the weather map for the U.S. in real time. http://www.wunderground.com/maps/